ABSTRACT
This chapter describes remedial actions that remove the pathway of contaminants to the human body and the environment. Engineering controls are physical barriers that separate contaminants from the human body or the environment. The most common type of engineering control is an impermeable surface cap over contaminated soils that remove the direct contact pathway to humans. Monitored natural attenuation is applied to contaminants that will degrade naturally by chemical and/or biological reaction. In situ solidification is similar in concept to in situ vitrification, since the process creates a solid mass in the subsurface, thus removing their pathway to receptors. Rather than utilizing heat, this process utilizes agents such as concrete mix to convert the soils into a solid mass. The technologically simplest way to remediate contaminated soils is to dig them up and send them off-site for treatment or disposal.
