ABSTRACT
The field of biocompatibility and biomaterials involves the collaboration between medicine and engineering along with other applied sciences. Total biocompatibility failure occurs when collagenous fibrous tissue separates the implant from healthy tissue. Research focuses on developing biomaterials with long-term biocompatibility, which can be continuously functional in the body over time. Biocompatibility can be achieved when both metals and polymers are implanted at the site of action and produce no adverse effects. Corrosion results in health problems such as allergic reactions, fractures, local pain, swelling, and other cytotoxic responses thus reducing biocompatibility. Titanium’s characteristics include chemical inertness, good mechanical biocompatibility, and good corrosion resistance. Cemented materials are the traditional method of treating total knee arthroplasty, however, it has a poor resistance to shear force, resulting in a loosening effect and leading to revised surgery and failed biocompatibility. The ideal therapeutic coating agent should be able to improve the host biocompatibility by preventing the restenosis process on targeted vascular smooth muscle cells.
