ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an interdisciplinary understanding of nuclear energy and environment and proposal of solutions. Since the ionizing action is strong, the permeability is small, and it is stopped with a layer of paper and air, several centimeters thick. However, due to the strength of its ionization effect, care must be exercised for exposure to internal radiation when taking alpha- emitting substances into the body. Even if the radionuclide collapses and the mass or proton neutron ratio changes, excess energy may remain in the nucleus. At this time, by releasing the remaining energy as gamma rays, the nucleus goes steadily. This phenomenon is called gamma collapse. The energy region of emitted gamma rays varies with the nuclide. Gene mutation is caused by mistakes in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication, damage of DNA by chemical substances, mistakes in reproduction, DNA or chromosome damage due to irradiation, and destruction of genes by transposon transposition.
