ABSTRACT
The rapid rate of urbanization and industrialization has led to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) worldwide. Aerobic microorganisms play a significant role in the decomposition of organic wastes in the composting process. Composting proceeds under three major phases: mesophilic stage, thermophilic stage, and cooling. Composting of solid wastes is a good technique to manage solid wastes in a hygienic way and to recycle nutrients. This technique is inexpensive in relation to other waste management techniques. We can obtain compost from various solid wastes through composting process. However, the presence of the bioavailability of heavy metals in the final compost is a critical issue of composting. This focuses on the reduction of the bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals during the composting of different waste materials. Composts with elevated concentrations of heavy metals may affect the quality of soil by changing the physicochemical and biological properties of soil.
