ABSTRACT
The automatic generation control (AGC) as well as the load frequency control (LFC) plays the foremost role in the power system process and the control of any type of power plant unit. For generating and power delivery, suitable analysis of the power supply quality, and regularity become essential during emergency situations. In this connection, power-generating units are interconnected via tie-lines to obtain good quality of power supply. The interconnected power system comprises hydro, nuclear, wind, solar, gas, and thermal power plants. Thus, the system response yields damping oscillations in the frequency and tie-line power flow deviations during the load demand condition. For delivering good quality power supply to consumers, the secondary controller gain values should change uniformly. During higher load demand conditions, controller gain values change maximally and this process repeats to maintain the quality of the generated power by keeping error values equal to zero.
The PID controller design in the literature survey included several methods for optimization of controller gain values with different cost functions. Such functions included the integral square error (ISE), integral time square error (ITSE), integral absolute error (IAE), and integral time absolute error (ITAE) cost functions, which are used to find the optimal controller gain values. In this book, the PID controller is considered a feedback controller, which gives the appropriate control signal for controlling the power plant during abnormal conditions.
This chapter reports on several studies based on optimization techniques to optimize the controller gain values for improvement of power system performance during sudden load demand condition.
