ABSTRACT
Traditionally, most manufacturing operations are comprised of transforming a piece of raw material into a finished product by subjecting the raw material to one or more material removal processes. The raw material itself is manufactured using processes such as casting and forging. In this chapter, the authors will discuss the costing of parts manufactured using the following operations: turning operation, milling operation, shaping operation, drilling operation, casting operation, forging operation, welding operation, and additive manufacturing. Any metal cutting operation such as turning, milling, shaping or drilling is characterized by the following variables when computing machining time: depth of cut, feed rate, and cutting speed. The chapter examines costing of metal shaping operations. Additive manufacturing by definition is the opposite of traditional manufacturing processes, like those of milling, turning, shaping, and drilling. These processes are characterized by material removal from a stock of raw material.
