ABSTRACT
Failure analysis is extremely important in engineering, especially with ceramics, because it is the only means of isolating a failure-causing problem. The stress causing the failure can also be estimated using the Griffith equation by measuring the flaw size on the fracture surface. SEM shows the differences between the fracture origin and the surrounding material and helps the engineer to develop a hypothesis of the cause of failure. Surface flaws resulting from machining are a common source of failure in ceramic components, especially in applications where high bend loads or thermal loads are applied in service. The examination of impact failure has been key to the development of such systems, but the important ceramic mechanical properties for good ballistic protection are a matter of ongoing debate. Fractography is a powerful tool to the engineer in helping to determine the cause of a component or system failure.
