ABSTRACT
We have seen that the technique for determining π 1(S 1) generalizes to arbitraiy topological groups which can be represented as a quotient of a simply connected group by a discrete subgroup. We now try to generalize to a space X without a group structure, by representing X as a quotient space of a simply connected space X ˜ https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429502408/295d3acc-dfa3-4421-a2d3-a9c22ffb681c/content/eq37.tif"/> with the fibres X ˜ → X https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429502408/295d3acc-dfa3-4421-a2d3-a9c22ffb681c/content/eq38.tif"/> discrete.
