ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the problems of air pollution, gas emissions causing global warming, and petroleum resource depletion. It also gives a brief review of the history of electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell technology. In recent decades, the research and development activities related to transportation have emphasized the development of high-efficiency, clean, and safe transportation. EVs, HEVs, and fuel cell vehicles have been typically proposed to replace conventional vehicles in the near future.
