ABSTRACT
One of the most important features of electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) is their ability to recover significant amounts of braking energy. The electric motors in EVs, HEVs, and FCVs can be controlled to operate as generators to convert the kinetic or potential energy of vehicle mass into electric energy that can be stored in the energy storage and then reused. A successfully designed braking system for a vehicle must always meet the distinct demand of quickly reducing vehicle speed and maintaining vehicle direction controllable by the steering wheel. The former requires the braking system to be able to supply sufficient braking torque on all wheels. The latter requires proper braking force distribution on all wheels, as discussed in Chapter 2.
