ABSTRACT
Electric propulsion systems are at the heart of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). They consist of electric motors, power converters, and electronic controllers. The electric motor converts the electric energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle, or vice versa, to enable regenerative braking and/or to generate electricity for charging the on-board energy storage. The power converter is used to supply the electric motor with proper voltage and current. The choice of electric propulsion systems for EVs and HEVs mainly depends on several factors, including the driver's expectation, vehicle constraints, and energy source.
