ABSTRACT
Recombinant DNA technology uses palindromic sequences and leads to the production of sticky and blunt ends. Formation of recombinant DNA requires a cloning vector, a DNA molecule that replicates within a living cell. Recombinant DNA works when the host cell expresses protein from the recombinant genes. A significant amount of recombinant protein will not be produced by the host unless expression factors are added. Protein expression depends upon the gene being surrounded by a collection of signals which provide instructions for the transcription and translation of the gene by the cell. Recombinant DNA has been gaining in importance over the last few years and recombinant DNA will only become more important in the 21st century as genetic diseases become more prevalent and agricultural area is reduced. The best way to measure the degree of genetic diversity and measuring genome polymorphism, within a population, species, genus, or higher-level taxon, is a resolution by molecular markers, particularly the DNA and protein marker.
