ABSTRACT
Climate change can be caused either by the Earth's natural forces, which include solar radiation and continental drift, or human activities. The decline of crops yield, heat stress and ocean acidification are among some of the negative effects of climate change. In order to feed the ever increasing world population, there is a need to double the rate of agricultural production. Biotechnology can contribute positively by mitigating the impact of climate change through green house gas reduction, crops adaptation and increase in yield using less land. Agricultural biotechnology involves the practical application of biological organisms, or their sub-cellular components in agriculture. The techniques currently in use include tissue culture, conventional breeding, molecular marker-assisted breeding and genetic engineering. Agroecological and agroforest management systems, such as shade management in crop systems, may mitigate the effects of extreme temperature and precipitation, thereby reducing the ecological and economic vulnerability of many rural farmers and improving the agroecological resistance to extreme climate events.
