ABSTRACT
Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. A haploid is a plant with the gametic or n number of chromosomes. Doubled haploids, or dihaploids, are chromosome doubled haploids or 2n plants. Androgenesis is the process by which haploid plants develop from the male gametophyte. Haploid plants develop from anther culture either directly or indirectly through a callus phase. Direct androgenesis mimics zygotic embryogenesis; however, neither a suspensor nor an endosperm is present. Genomics implies deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing, the routine use of DNA microarray technology to analyse the gene expression profile at the mRNA level and improved informatic tools to organise and analyse such data. Doubled haploid (DH) lines are useful for genetic analysis, particularly quantitative traits. Androgenesis provides the most commonly used method for the doubled- haploid production that was eventually applied in breeding and crop improvement.
