ABSTRACT
The degree of complexity in real-world systems is seldom recognized broadly, and so, attempts to solve these problems are seldom aligned or compatible. L. Meuleman identified problems by the types and sources relative to whether consensus and/or disagreement occurred on the knowledge and values associated with an issue. H. Rittel and M. Webber introduced the term wicked problems to describe problems of an open societal system consisting of many variables and stakeholders. Wicked problems such as raising a child, managing an economy, or addressing watershed concerns are on-going issues with a continuous one-shot opportunity to influence the outcomes. Wicked problem complexity is twofold: the complexity of the issue or system and the differing preferences of stakeholders. Traditional disciplinary approaches, while helpful and invaluable for solving tame problems, often have the opposite effect when applied to wicked problems.
