ABSTRACT
The study comprehends bibliometrics analysis of 17,889 scientific papers indexed in Web of Science from 1999 to 2018. 94 countries contributed to the research and review papers which may also indicate that green chemistry is an interdisciplinary topic.
The highest contributions were done with 38.3% by countries in Asia and 31.3% by European countries.
The interdisciplinary of green chemistry was also emphasized by the single-authored papers with minimum percentage, i.e., 5.5%.
The maximum percentage was observed as 25.9% (4,626 papers) with more than five authors.
57.7% of published papers were studied by international collaborations.
The percentage of funding has a sharp increase after the year 2007. After the year 2009, the percentage of funded research papers reached and exceeded a 65.7% level.
The National Natural Science Foundation of China was acknowledged 2,135 times in the published papers.
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program provides data about environmental releases of toxic and non-toxic chemicals from approximately 22,000 industrial facilities throughout the United States; 1.5 billion kg were released to the air, land, and water in 2015.
In green chemistry, water, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, renewable solvents, and liquid polymers are recently being used as safer and alternative solvents.
51 solvents, due to scores and rankings, were considered by several pharmaceutical companies and institutions.
Most of the primary energy is consumed by developed and/or developing countries. However, the adoption of green chemistry by developed countries can be observed in Figure 3.13 with decreasing primary energy consumption values of OECD, EU, and CIS countries over the years.
The consumption of renewable energy has gradually increased in recent years.
The United States and Brazil produced 36,000 and 19,000 tons of oil equivalent biofuels in 2016, respectively.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency released a report describing environmentally acceptable lubricant (EAL), which should be demonstrated for biodegradability, low toxicity, and minimum bioaccumulation potential in the aqueous medium compared to conventional lubricants.
0.90 liters lubricants per second were discharged into the sea and caused environmental problems. Formulations of EAL must consist of 90% biodegradable substance.
17,889 research and review papers were investigated according to sub-topics such as ionic liquids, supercritical CO2 fluid, catalysis, polymers, microwave technology, sonochemical technology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical, and renewable resources. Catalysis and nanotechnology topics are the most popular topics, encountered in 6,505 and 3,260 papers, respectively.
