ABSTRACT
The phenomenon of total internal reflection, responsible for guiding of light in optical fibers, has been known since 1854. All polarization effects in single-mode fiber are a direct consequence of the accidental loss of degeneracy for the polarization modes. The electromagnetic wave polarization represents how the orientation of the electric field components in a plane, which is perpendicular to propagation direction, varies. The presence of birefringence may cause an undesirable state of polarization change. There is a bi-univocal correspondence between points of the Poincare sphere and the states of polarization, either if they are represented with the Stokes parameters or with the Jones parameters. The principal purpose of the statistical analysis was the study of the dependence of the spatial evolution of the state of polarization on the distance propagation and on the strength of the twisting process. When the Mueller matrix is known, then the output polarization state is known for an arbitrary incident polarization state.
