ABSTRACT
The rapid pace of development, or industrialization, resulted in an increased demand for metals. The widespread use of metals leads to their presence in the pristine environment. Over time, the natural remediation by the environment was not quite sufficient to maintain the level of contaminants below the safety levels recommended by health and environment organizations. In addition, lack or high cost of alternatives leads to oxymoron conditions in the use of metal industries. Living organisms are highly dependent on the aquatic ecosystem for their life sustenance. Consumption of contaminants present in the aquatic ecosystem causes health effects for the living organisms. Adsorption process can be carried out in any of the following ways: batch adsorption, continuous fixed-bed adsorption, continuous-flow tank adsorption, continuous moving bed, continuous fluidized bed and pulsed bed. Agitation is carried out in a temperature-controlled water bath shaker or orbital shaker.
