ABSTRACT
Environmental hydraulics covers the principles of hydraulics and their applications to the investigation of chemical mixing in water environment. Traditional water environment models are formulated by integrating mass flux and reaction kinetics. These models, in the form of differential equations, are called physically based models because mass flux and reaction mechanisms are represented explicitly by governing equations that describe the physical processes of chemical fate in water with model parameters. This chapter discusses simple water environment models, which can be solved analytically, and their practical applications. Fundamental theory and application of linear system modeling are introduced as an alternative modeling approach. System-based water environment models are in the forms of integral equations, in which relevant mass transport and reaction mechanisms are represented implicitly by system response function.
