ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the need for the co-design of commercial 4G antennas with millimetre wave 5G antennas is explained. Standard miniaturization techniques to reduce antenna size are discussed. A conformal 4G antenna with a low physical footprint is proposed. MIMO topology of the 4G antenna is designed and characterized, and a conformal millimetre wave antenna operating in the 28 GHz band is also designed. To accommodate landscape and portrait modes of operation of a smartphone, an orthogonal pattern diversity module is also investigated. A case study of integration of the low-frequency 4G antenna with the mmWave 5G antenna is described in detail.
