ABSTRACT
Bio-implants are artificial medical devices used to replace the missing biological system and the damaged biological system, and also to support or enhance the existing biological structure. The implant infections are mainly associated with bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. This chapter emphasises on the different types of implants, materials classifications, and bacteria-related infections under various sections. Most bio-engineered products like cardiac pacemakers and orthopaedic artificial implants are also covered under bio-implants because they are implanted entirely in the patient's body. The near-net-shape of the bio-implants with the required surface finish is achieved by various finishing steps after the primary machining process. Surfaces roughness is one of the factors that influence the bacterial adhesion on implants and acts as favourable sites for colonization and biofilm formation leading to prosthetic implant infections. The chapter elaborates broad literature on the effect of surface roughness on the bacterial infection and wettability of the implants materials surfaces.
