ABSTRACT
Many animals spend substantial amounts of time in groups. In this chapter, we discuss many different costs and benefits of living in groups, including anti-predator vigilance, the dilution effect, predator confusion, foraging benefits and drawbacks, mating benefits, and increased rates of aggression. Many of these will also be studied in later chapters. We specifically focus on the modelling of the formation and maintenance of dominance hierarchies, responses to predators including anti-predator vigilance and infanticide and other anti-social behaviour.
