ABSTRACT
Proteomics is the science of proteins, and it is much more complicated than genomics mostly because although an organism’s genome is constant, the proteome differs from cell to cell and from time to time. The proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time. This is because distinct genes are expressed in distinct cell types. This chapter describes protein and explains its significance, the role of protein in cell signaling, the structural and functional attributes of protein, and the process of protein biosynthesis. It explains different methods of protein prediction models, the significance of protein folding and protein modification, protein transport and degradation, and genetic regulation of protein synthesis. The chapter discusses tools and techniques used to analyze proteins. The main characteristic of proteins that allows their diverse set of functions is their ability to specifically and tightly bind with other molecules.
