ABSTRACT
Hydraulic structures are devices that are used to regulate or measure flow. Some are of fixed geometrical form, whilst others may be mechanically adjusted. Hydraulic structures form part of most major water engineering schemes, for irrigation, water supply, drainage, sewage treatment, hydropower, etc. This chapter considers flow-measuring structures, e.g., weirs and flumes, regulation structures, e.g., gates or valves and discharge structures, e.g., spillways. Firstly, knowledge of the different types of weir and flume and how they are used to estimate discharge in open channels is provided. Secondly, the different types of spillway and their applications are introduced. Next, the range of techniques used for energy dissipation downstream of a spillway are detailed. This is followed by a discussion of the different types of flow control gates and the estimation of the discharge through a given type of gate. Finally, the numerical modeling of the discharge over lateral flow structures is detailed. The chapter also contains worked examples throughout.
