ABSTRACT
In July 1957 the International Atomic Energy Agency was set up as an independent body to pursue the safe, secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology. The Windscale Piles were two air-cooled graphite-moderated reactors built on the site now known as Sellafield, on the coast of Cumberland in northwest England. The SL-1, Stationary, Low Power Reactor Number One, was a US Army experimental reactor located at an army testing site 65 kilometres west of Idaho falls in Idaho. The Three Mile Island nuclear power station was built near Harrisburg in Dauphin County Pennsylvania. The Chernobyl power complex was situated about 130 km north of Kiev and about 20 km south of the border with Belarus. On 11 March 2011, shockwaves from the Tōhoku earthquake caused the reactors at the Fukushima plant to shut down their normal power generating operation.
