Fluorine 19F

Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive with almost all other elements except for helium and neon. Morawski et al. proposed to develop ¹⁹F magnetic resonance immunohistochemistry using ligand-targeted perfluorooctyl bromide nanoparticles to quantify microdeposits of fibrin in atherosclerotic plaques, which are related to lesion rupture. Fluorinated tracers and label types can be prepared to allow multimodal detection. Similarly to drugs, the toxicity of fluorinated compounds depends on the mechanism of action of the compound and the molecules generated by its metabolism, if there are any. ¹⁹F magnetic resonance imaging could also be improved using techniques such as parallel imaging and compressed sensing to accelerate data acquisitions and/or improve signal-to-noise ratio. The perfluorocarbons used in biomedical applications are chemically inert; they consist primarily of carbon and fluorine atoms, and are typically clear, colorless liquids that are insoluble in water.