ABSTRACT
Animal procreation and managing of organic wastes present a challenge to livestock, workers and nearby residents. The current chapter endeavours to verify the mechanisms of toxicity of preferred common redolent compounds from poultry manure, including ammonia, dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), butyric acid, phenol and indole. The genotoxic and cytotoxic activity of these above-mentioned compounds have been modelled by employing chicken cell line (LMH), in vitro, using Comet assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay. The microscopic observations and any morphological changes thereafter in these cells are performed by DAPI staining. Four compounds, namely, ammonia, DMA, TMA and butyric acid are responsible for increased DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner, which can be interpreted as reaching high genotoxicity. Phenol and indole-stimulated extensive DNA damage does not depend on the concentrations used. Ammonia, DMA and TMA enable a dose-dependent release of lactate dehydrogenase. The value of IC50 increases in a sequence of DMA, ammonia and TMA. They are also responsible for stimulating the nuclear morphological changes, such as chromatin condensation, shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation (apoptotic bodies) and chromatin lysis. This chapter exhibits the damaging effects of these redolent compounds in chicken LMH cell line regarding genotoxicity.
