ABSTRACT
Pervasive IoT deployments demand low-power wide area networking (LPWAN) solutions that can connect hundreds of thousands of sensors and ‘things’ over a large area with minimal infrastructure cost. The low-power solution is needed to ensure that the battery-powered sensors can last for many years with a tiny battery. While Bluetooth is certainly low-powered, it works only for short ranges. Cellular networks are designed for wide area coverage, but they consume too much power which requires large batteries and frequent battery recharging for the end nodes. Consequently, there is a significant momentum in standardizing new networking solutions for LPWAN. New developments are emerging from both cellular and WiFi standard bodies, i.e., from the 3GPP and IEEE/WiFi-alliance, respectively, to fill this gap, but there is a third momentum that is proving very successful. It is called LoRa Alliance (LoRa stands for long range), which is a industry alliance committed to accelerate the development and deployment of LPWAN networks. This chapter covers details of the LoRa technology including its frequencies, modulation and coding, network protocol stack, and device classes. [176 words]
