ABSTRACT
The chapter of the book is devoted to new methods of antenna analysis. As known, a three-dimensional problem is solved only in a few particular cases, whereas a two-dimensional problem was considered more widely. In this connection an attempt to use the solution results of two-dimensional problems for fields’ calculations in a similar three-dimensional problem is of interest. A more complex problem can be reduced to a simple one, provided that in going from one problem to another, the Laplace’s equation remains valid, and surfaces of equal potential in both structures coincide with metal surfaces. The relations found between the coordinates make it possible to reduce the conical and parabolic problem and even the elliptic paraboloid to a two-dimensional problem.
A new approach to the analysis of electrical characteristics of a microstrip antenna is proposed. It is based on the comparison of this antenna with the antenna located on the horizontal pyramid and consisting of electric and slot radiators. A new look at the structure of the microstrip antenna clearly shows that the so-called transmitting long line radiates by the means of all its length. A method for extending the frequency range of the microstrip antenna is proposed. Reflector arrays consisting of the microstrip antennas are described.
The chapter discusses the issues of diversity reception, adaptive arrays, structures for a struggle with external influences. Solutions to specific problems of turning the antenna patterns of cellular base stations and calculating the directivity of highly directional antennas by means of two main patterns are proposed.
