ABSTRACT
The use of earthworks has been the basis of road formation for a long time in the history of road development. Despite the availability of various substitutes, the use of earth is hardly avoided in most road construction. Earthworks for filling must use suitable soil material, earthworks for cutting earth or rock should remove material up to the bottom of the pavement structure. Sometimes the designed vertical profile of the road, although at a higher level to the existing ground level, may not be adequate to accommodate the designed pavement structure. So, it results in earth-cutting, even though the proposed road surface is at a level that is higher than the existing ground level. This chapter describes various conventional methods and formulas for computations of areas and volumes of irregular shapes required for earthworks estimation along with examples.
