ABSTRACT
This group of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) includes all those conditions in which one or more systemic veins drain abnormally. These anomalies may be isolated or associated with simple (e.g. VSD) or complex (e.g. cardiosplenic syndromes) CHDs. When isolated, their presence may be clinically irrelevant (e.g. isolated persistence of the left superior vena cava). These anomalies include those of the superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC) and coronary sinus. In this section, we will address the most common of these abnormalities, namely the persistence of the left superior vena cava (LSVC) draining into the coronary sinus and the interruption of the IVC associated with an azygos continuation.
