ABSTRACT
The theory of fractals is introduced in this chapter. The evolution of definitions of fractals and their properties through different generations have been briefly provided. The terms self-affine and self-similarity have been explicitly and simply defined in this chapter. The examples of natural and artificial fractals have also been described. The chapter also provides an overview of the applications of fractal theory in general engineering disciplines and some cases are highlighted in mechanical, manufacturing, chemical, biomedical, civil, robotics, etc. Finally, an overview of published literature on fractal theory in thin film studies is provided and key points are deduced.
