ABSTRACT
As a primary element of the systems approach, systems engineering should be applied in agreement with the principles of that approach. It is agreed that the other primary element, systems architecting will also be applied. To begin, the primary principle of systems engineering to be applied is the principle of hierarchy in the form of the Vee model, which reflects requirements traceability, stakeholder needs, verification, and validation. A principal product of the Vee model is the procurement specification that assures that all requirements are traceable to the stakeholder needs and to worst-case environments. The specification will address complexity and safety, as needed, and will be addressed by the appropriate organizations, and will assure that humans are included, and that methods of mitigating irrational decisions are addressed. The specification will assure that the life cycle of the aircraft is covered.
