ABSTRACT
The Monte Carlo method is a numerical technique that makes use of repeated random sampling to simulate the behaviour of a complex system. This chapter provides an overview of the Monte Carlo modelling of x-ray tube spectra and includes a summary of relevant theoretical and practical aspects. The chapter begins with an introduction to the general principles of Monte Carlo radiation transport, then discusses aspects relevant for the modelling of x-ray tubes and finally summarizes six major general-purpose Monte Carlo code systems that can be used for the purpose (EGSnrc, FLUKA, Geant4, MCNP6 and PENELOPE). References for sources of further information are provided.
