ABSTRACT
Memory concerns the processes that record and allow later access to events, people, and information. The information processing approach likens memory and other cognitive functions to a computer. A number of theorists have suggested that memory has two or more stages, at core a short-term store and a long-term store. Short-term memory (STM) has a limited capacity of about seven items, coded either by acoustic features or articulatory activities. The information capacity of STM may be increased by recoding information into larger chunks, usually by assigning meaning to sequences of items. Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch, in 1974, proposed a more complex view of STM: the working memory model. This model suggests a number of independent subsystems. Anterograde amnesia, in the absence of retrograde amnesia, demonstrates the separate existence of STM and long-term memory (LTM). In the 1970s, Craik and his colleagues proposed a level of processing approach to encoding in LTM.
