ABSTRACT
This chapter emphasizes the urgent need for further investigations that explores the experiences of users in real-world situations and considers whether geographic information system (GIS) technologies should be termed 'innovation' or 'irrelevance'. The important issue for this research was to explores the reasons that the case study organizations encountered difficulties in implementing GIS technologies and thereby to provide some insights into the underlying processes. The effective implementation of a technological innovation such as a GIS is therefore dependent upon understanding the particular environment in which it will be expected to operate. The relationship between organizations and technological innovations such as GIS is crucial to the outcome of the process of implementation. The decision as to whether GIS technology is or will be an innovation or an irrelevance will be decided by individual users working in a vast variety of an organizational contexts.
