ABSTRACT
Adaptive control is an important area of research that has been pursued by many across the world (Åström and Wittenmark 1989, Landau 1979, Ljung and Söderström 1983, Narendra and Annaswamy 1989). The progress of adaptive control theory and the availability of microprocessors have led to a series of successful applications in the last several decades in the areas of robotics, aircraft control, process control and estimation, etc. One of the first industrial adaptive controllers was installed in the Port Arthur oil refinery in the 1960s by Åström.
