ABSTRACT
Control of contaminants outside the plant and affecting the neighborhood will not be treated, but the reader is referred to the bibliography hereinafter documented. The air contaminants emitted from piping and processing equipment associated with the chemical process industries and oil refining include hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, malodorous materials, particulate matter, aldehydes, organic acids, and ammonia. Processing pumps and compressors required to move or transport liquids and gases in the refinery can leak product at the point of contact between the rotating shaft and stationary casing at the packing gland. Modern refining and processing plant designs provide waste water-effluent systems with running-liquid-sealed traps and liquid-sealed and covered junction boxes. A system for the disposal of emergency and waste refinery gases consists of a manifolded pressure-relieving or blowdown system, and a blowdown recovery system or a system of flares for the combustion of the excess gases, or both. Flares are usually considered as part of the blowdown system.
