ABSTRACT
In phenomenological nonequilibrium thermodynamics, transport processes in bulk phases (gaseous, liquid, or solid) can be described by means of the well known equations of diffusion, heat conduction, the Navier-Stokes equations, etc. On the boundaries of the bulk phases it is customary to invoke simple physical arguments to specify the values of the corresponding quantities (a.g., concentration, temperature, velocity, etc.) or their gradients. This chapter considers nonequilibrium phenomena on the surface separating two immiscible fluids, including a gas–solid surface; a gas–liquid surface; a liquid–liquid surface, and a liquid–solid surface. It begins by constructing the nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics of the transport phenomena on interfaces, taking into account the possibility of formation of a surface film with nonvanishing surface densities of the mass, energy, and momentum. The chapter also considers an application of previous boundary conditions to the problem of capillary waves damping on the surface of a viscous liquid coated with a surface–active substance.
