ABSTRACT
The biological peculiarities of culturable fish determine the methods of management and the nature of the ponds in which they are reared. Carp are heat-loving fish which because they feed intensively during the vegetative or growth period are maintained in ponds rich in nutrients, i.e., which exhibit the characters of eutrophy. Ponds for the winter maintenance of carp are deeper and provided with running water. They are constructed on nonfertile soils to avoid losses of oxygen through oxidative processes. Summer ponds include spawning ponds, ponds for fry or nurseries, rearing ponds, and production or foraging ponds. These ponds serve as places for the growth and development of carp at different stages of its life. Wintering ponds are used to maintain under-yearlings or fingerlings during winter and fish of an older age left at the farm. The magnitude of natural fish productivity also depends on the quality of the water-collecting (catchment) area, since nutrient-laden water can considerably influence fish development.
