ABSTRACT
In light microscopy, the underlying principle is to obtain a real, inverted, and enlarged image of the material by means of the objective lens, followed by the formation of virtual image by means of the eyepiece lens. The convenience of securing quantitative results is the principal reason for the development of interference microscopy. The utilization of the fluorescence shown by some of the cell constituents, as well as of some special dyes, against ultraviolet light, forms the basic principle of fluorescence microscopy. Extraction of nucleic acid through nucleases and the analysis of a drop of the extract has been made through microspectrophotometry and methods have been developed for the determination of base constituents in nucleic acid, extracted from incised segments of chromosomes. Confocal microscopy, combined with laser scanning and immunofluorescent staining, has opened up new dimensions of research.
