ABSTRACT

The spatial distribution of reflection elements and points of exchange—the seismic indicators of internal structure of the lithosphere—is characterised by sharp inhomogeneities even for a uniform grid of observation. Application of methods of statistical filtration of wavefields has enabled detection of each of these inhomogeneities The transcrustal geophysical anomalies are characterised on the earth’s surface by high palaeotemperatures, metamorphism of overlying rocks, granitisation and magmatism. Temperature activation of the asthenoregion, according to modern concepts, takes place by means of transport of extremely overheated material, either from deeper asthenoregions or from the mantle-core boundary. Emergence of the concept of lithospheric plates has divided the geological community into two opposing camps, which advocate the primacy of vertical or horizontal displacements, respectively. Horizontal displacements are probably caused by dome formation during the injection of megaintrusions, destruction of the roof and the subsequent gravitational sliding of the float at the base of the cover layer along the surface of the plume.