ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors examine some classic and some novel problems and paradoxes of probability. Other classic challenges to intuition explored in this chapter include the Three Prisoners Problem, the Two Envelopes Problem, the Girl Named Florida Problem, and the Birthday Problem. Someone presents the reader with three identical boxes. Inside one of the boxes there are two gold coins; inside another box there are two silver coins. The third box holds inside one gold coin and one silver coin. The Monty Hall Problem is a famous, perhaps the most famous, probability puzzle ever to have been posed. In the standard description of the Monty Hall Problem, Monty can open Door 1 or Door 2 or Door 3. Therefore, there is twice the chance of the contestant winning the car by switching doors after Monty Hall has opened a door.
