ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors explore some problems and paradoxes involving choice and reason which have no agreed solution, as well as others with solutions that are somewhat surprising or of particular interest. Examples of problems which defy a unique or consensus solution are Newcomb's Paradox (or Newcomb's Problem), the Sleeping Beauty Problem, the God's Coin Toss Problem, the Keynesian Beauty Contest, and Pascal's Wager (including the Pascal's Mugging Problem). The choice of underlying assumption has implications elsewhere, most famously regarding the Sleeping Beauty Problem, which the people have already considered. The Doomsday Argument transfers the logic of the laws of probability to the survival of the human race. There is currently no consensus in the debate on the Doomsday Argument, with some proposing that humans will never go extinct.
