ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors explore some mind-bending problems, paradoxes, and ideas drawn from the worlds of philosophy and science. The Raven paradox arises from asking whether observing a red apple increases the likelihood that all ravens are black, assuming that the people don't know the answer. Substitute all non-ravens for tennis shoes and all colors other than black for the blue cards, and the result universalises. Similarly, if something might or might not exist, and is not observed, it is more likely to exist if it is less observable than something else which is more observable. Strangely indeed, the probability that the people are living in a simulation increases as the people draw closer to the point at which they are able and willing to do so.
