ABSTRACT
Design in any form or discipline, like science, art, engineering, or research, should attempt to bring together two real-world phenomena – theory and practice. Although these two seem different from one another, they both seek to create new patterns of knowledge that can be applied to improve the current state of a system, or help in the design and development of new products and services. However, research conducted in design disciplines is limited to a few applications and still offers a potentially great contribution toward the advancement of design knowledge and the designing process. To meet the business needs and to provide state-of-the-art frameworks, design science has evolved as the new paradigm defining the principles of construction and utility of design artifacts for desired solutions. Moreover, the methodology of design gives direction to transforming society and industry with the help of foundational techniques. Nevertheless, the choice of design method reflects the presence of science hidden in any invention or innovation a design aims at. This chapter articulates the multiple aspects of design, people, practices, and scientific theories that have matured in the fields of science, technology, and engineering. A brief concept of design thinking for innovation is introduced in a later section.
