ABSTRACT
In this chapter the authors expand on their introduction to the birth of the Universe which was believed to start with a time singularity of infinite temperature. This was supposed to be the start of the Big Bang that became part of the standard Big Bang cosmology based on three foundations: the Cosmological Principle, Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, and a Classical Ideal Fluid Model of Matter. The authors will elaborate on these and sum up the successes and shortcomings of the theory. At the core of the Cosmological Principle, it is assumed that over large distance scales the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic. By homogeneity the authors mean that every region of the Universe is essentially the same as any other region at the appropriate scales; there are no special locations. Yet, on scales larger than superclusters1 and voids, the Universe is basically homogeneous.
