ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the basic features of passenger aircraft. It includes description and function of its main parts such as wings, fuselage, empennage, landing gear, and powerplant, giving also insight into a cockpit, passenger cabin, and cargo compartments. The consideration of airplane masses is followed by detailed explanation of the payload-range diagram. This chapter also emphasizes the importance of the position of the centre of gravity for an airplane, taking into account its impact on flight safety. Namely, the position of the centre of gravity affects stability and controllability of aircraft in all phases of the flight, from take-off, climbing, cruising, and descent to landing. Additionally, processes as aircraft loading and balancing are considered to highlight operational procedures which airlines conduct before each flight. To keep aircraft safe and operational, an airline must perform all activities to maintain the aircraft in a condition which is in accordance with the standardized maintenance. Airlines develop their own maintenance program, which must comply with the recommendations and requirements requested by manufacturers and regulatory bodies. To facilitate the exchange of information and aircraft operations in air transportation, suitable classification of aircraft is provided.
