ABSTRACT
Before data analytics can be used, data about criminals and their activities must be collected. Data almost all comes, in one way or another from or via cyberspace. This includes: incident data from records management systems, cyberspace footprints, CCTV, body cameras, licence plate cameras, facial recognition systems, social media activities and posts, spatial and temporal data, and gun shot detection systems. Data collection raises a number of issues: public concerns that data collection is a kind of generalized suspicion, privacy, racism, errors, and bias. Criminals can also subvert data collection when they are aware of it, and so subsequent data analytics must be designed to be robust against attempts at manipulation.
