ABSTRACT
Vascular biology such as endothelial, vascular, and cardiac muscle dysfunction plays a primary and pivotal role in the beginning and continuation of hypertension. Nutrient-gene interactions and epigenetics are predominant factors in promoting beneficial or detrimental effects in cardiovascular health and hypertension. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular immune dysfunction initiate and promote hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition, natural whole food, nutraceutical supplements, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals can prevent, control, and treat hypertension through numerous vascular biology mechanisms and may mimic the effects of the various antihypertensive drug classes. There is a role for the selected use of single and combined nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals in the treatment of hypertension based on prospective randomized placebo-controlled studies and meta-analysis as a complement to optimal nutrition and other lifestyle modifications. Only high-quality nutritional supplements from reputable nutritional supplement companies should be used.
